Taarifa zaidi ― Kiswahili

Urticarial vasculitis ni hali adimu inayoonyeshwa na vipindi vya muda mrefu au vya kujirudia vya mizinga. Ingawa dalili za ngozi yake zinaweza kufanana na mizinga ya muda mrefu, hali hii ni ya kipekee kwa sababu mizinga hukaa kwa angalau saa 24 na inaweza kusababisha madoa meusi baada ya kufifia. Ingawa mara nyingi sababu haijulikani, wakati mwingine inaweza kusababishwa na dawa fulani, maambukizi, magonjwa ya kinga ya mwili (autoimmune), matatizo ya damu, au saratani. Baadhi ya tafiti zimehusisha COVID-19 na mafua ya H1N1. Inaweza pia kuathiri sehemu zingine za mwili kama misuli, figo, mapafu, tumbo, na macho. Ingawa aina fulani ya uchunguzi wa tishu inaweza kuthibitisha utambuzi, si lazima kila wakati. Matibabu kwa kawaida huanza na viuavijasumu, dapsone, colchicine, au hydroxychloroquine katika hali ngumu zaidi. Kwa kesi kali zaidi, dawa zinazokandamiza mfumo wa kinga kama methotrexate au corticosteroids zinaweza kuhitajika. Hivi majuzi, matibabu ya kibayolojia (rituximab, omalizumab, interleukin-1 inhibitors) yameonyesha ahadi kwa kesi ngumu.
Urticarial vasculitis is a rare clinicopathologic entity that is characterized by chronic or recurrent episodes of urticarial lesions. Skin findings of this disease can be difficult to distinguish visually from those of chronic idiopathic urticaria but are unique in that individual lesions persist for ≥24 hours and can leave behind dusky hyperpigmentation. This disease is most often idiopathic but has been linked to certain drugs, infections, autoimmune connective disease, myelodysplastic disorders, and malignancies. More recently, some authors have reported associations between urticarial vasculitis and COVID-19, as well as influenza A/H1N1 infection. Urticarial vasculitis can extend systemically as well, most often affecting the musculoskeletal, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and ocular systems. Features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis seen on histopathologic examination are diagnostic of this disease, but not always seen. In practice, antibiotics, dapsone, colchicine, and hydroxychloroquine are popular first-line therapies, especially for mild cutaneous disease. In more severe cases, immunosuppressives, including methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclosporine, as well as corticosteroids, may be necessary for control. More recently, select biologic therapies, including rituximab, omalizumab, and interleukin-1 inhibitors have shown promise for the treatment of recalcitrant or refractory cases.

Mwanamume mwenye umri wa miaka 35 alikuja akiwa na historia ya siku 15 ya vipele vyekundu viking'aa, vyenye maumivu kwenye mapaja na miguu yote, pamoja na maumivu ya viungo. Alikuwa amepata maambukizi ya mfumo wa mkojo wiki moja kabla ya kuonekana kwa upele. Ngozi yake ilionyesha alama kadhaa laini, zenye umbo la pete, zisizo na rangi kidogo, pamoja na alama nyekundu kwenye pande zote za mapaja na miguu. Alipatiwa prednisolone ya mdomo (40mg/siku) kwa wiki pamoja na antihistamine isiyo na usingizi (fexofenadine). Ndani ya wiki moja, vipele vyote vilitoweka kabisa. Hakukuwa na vipele tena wakati wa miezi 6 iliyofuata ya uchunguzi wa kawaida.
A 35-year-old man came in with a 15-day history of bright red, painful rashes on both thighs and legs, along with joint pain. He had a urinary tract infection for a week before the rash appeared. His skin showed several tender, ring-shaped, partially blanchable, red plaques on both sides of his thighs and legs. He was given oral prednisolone (40mg/day) for a week along with a non-drowsy antihistamine (fexofenadine). Within a week, all the rashes disappeared completely. There were no more rashes during the next 6 months of regular check-ups.